| Knowledge exists permanently inviolable in God’s mind/hands | BT: Knowledge exists “out there” and can be discovered following strict procedures and methodologies | BT: Knowledge exists in each person’s mind and is shaped by individual experience | Knowledge is socially constructed, both “out there” AND “inside” | Knowledge shifts to knowing, and content objectives are recognized as fluid and socially constructed within frameworks of “right relationality”; Truth is relational and connected, but paradoxically enduring and foundational |
| Truth is defined by an outside authority and is static | BT: Knowledge comes in “chunks” and “bits” delivered by instructors | | BT: Knowledge is constructed, created, and “gotten” | Knowledge is both constructed and created, AND Truth exists |
| Learning is memorization | BT: Learning is cumulative and linear | | BT: Learning is a nesting and interacting of frameworks | Learning is ecological, organic, structured as a spider's web with both anchoring lines and sticky lines |
| Fits catechism metaphor | BT: Fits the storehouse of knowledge metaphor | | BT: Fits learning how to ride a bicycle metaphor | Fits Web 2.0 new media literacy metaphors |
| Learning is pure transfer, determined by hierarchical authority | BT: Learning is teacher centered and controlled | BT: Learning is student centered but teacher controlled | Learning is shared process with student, teacher and community engaged | Institution is learning-centered, controlled by a dynamic interplay of person and community and sacred |
| Print text required, no teacher or student necessary | BT: “Live” teacher, “live” students required | Active teacher and active learner required | | Active learning process, with dynamic learners from variety of contexts |
| Knowledge is unquestionable | BT: The classroom and learning are competitive and individualistic | | BT: Learning environments and learning are cooperative, collaborative, and supportive | Learning environments extend beyond institutional limits (Web 2.0, wikipedia, etc.) |
| Human beings have no talent, God holds all knowledge | BT: Talent and ability are rare | | BT: Talent and ability are abundant | Talent and ability are God’s gifts found in everyone |
